Linking words

22/03/2023 | Граматически урок

Автор: Златина Тоскова

Linking words for show reason

Начин да преведем защото на английски език.
Because

We cancelled the picnic because it was raining.
Because it was raining, we cancelled the picnic.

We cancelled the picnic as it was raining.
As it was raining, we cancelled the picnic.

Since

We cancelled the picnic since it was raining.
Since it was raining, we cancelled the picnic.

For

We can also use 'for' to mean 'because'. This is very literary and we don't really use it in spoken English. 'For' can only go in the middle of the two clauses. We often add a comma before it.

We cancelled the picnic, for it was raining.

Видно от примерите, стигаме до извода, че всяка една от тези свързващи думи изисква след себе си основните части на изречението, а именно подлог и сказуема.

Запознайте се с индивидуалното обучение по бизнес английски език.

Запознайте се с индивидуалното подготовка за интервю за работа на английски език.

Начин да преведем поради

Words (or groups of words) that are followed by a noun

Because of + noun

We cancelled the picnic because of the rain.
Because of the rain, we cancelled the picnic.

Due to + noun*

We cancelled the picnic due to the rain.
Due to the rain, we cancelled the picnic.

Owing to + noun

We cancelled the picnic owing to the rain.
Owing to the rain, we cancelled the picnic.

Using linking words to show contrast

We use linking words to join ideas together when we're talking or writing. Sometimes we want to link two ideas that are different from each other (for example, one is a positive idea and one is a negative idea) or we want to link one idea to another one which is surprising or unexpected. We can use linking words like 'however', 'although' and 'despite' to do this.

Although
We can use 'although' at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. It is used in front of a clause (a clause has at least a subject and a verb that agrees with the subject).

Although the weather is bad, I love London.
I love London, although the weather is bad.

even though

Even though is slightly stronger and more emphatic than although.

Even though she spoke very quietly, he understood every word.
She didn't get the job, even though she had all the necessary qualifications.

though

Though can be used in the same way as although.

Though I wasn't keen on the film, I thought the music was beautiful.

Though can also go at the end of the second phrase. This way of expressing contrasting ideas is most common in spoken English.

We waited ages for our food. The waiter was really nice, though.

Despite / in spite of
We use 'despite' or 'in spite of' before a noun or a gerund. It can also go in the middle or at the beginning of a sentence. 'Despite' and 'in spite of' mean exactly the same thing. You can choose whichever one you like! If you want to use 'despite' or 'in spite of' before a clause, you need to add 'the fact that'.

I love London despite the bad weather.
I love London in spite of the bad weather.
Despite the bad weather, I love London.
In spite of the bad weather, I love London.
Despite the fact that the weather is bad, I love London.
In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, I love London.
I love London despite the fact that the weather is bad.
I love London in spite of the fact that the weather is bad.

However
We use 'although' and 'despite / in spite of' to connect two clauses in the same sentence. On the other hand, 'however' isn't used to connect two clauses. Instead, we usually put the two ideas in two separate sentences. We put 'however' in the second sentence, and we can put it at the beginning, at the end, or after the subject.

I love London. However, the weather is bad.
I love London. The weather, however, is bad.
I love London. The weather is bad, however.

Запознайте се с индивидуалното обучение по бизнес английски език.

Запознайте се с индивидуалното подготовка за интервю за работа на английски език.

Subordinating Conjunctions

In the following examples, the subordinating conjunctions are in bold for easy identification:

As Sherri blew out the candles atop her birthday cake, she caught her hair on fire.
Sara begins to sneeze whenever she opens the window to get a breath of fresh air.
When the doorbell rang, my dog Skeeter barked loudly.