Negative adverbs and adverb phrases

22/03/2023 | Граматически урок

Inversion

Инверсия или разместване означава да поставим спомагателния глагол преди подлога в изречението. Иверсията основно се прилага при правенето на въпросително изречение и то в слажните времена, където действието се изразява с два, че дори и повече глагола, като задължително присъства спомагателен глагол. Единствено спомагателният глагор разполага с привилегията да застава преди подлога в изречетието и следователно така да образува въпросително изречение.

Normal sentence: You are tired. (The subject is 'you'. It's before the verb 'are'.)

Question form: Are you tired? (The verb 'are' is before the subject 'you'. They have changed places. This is called inversion.)

Единствено в двете прости времена – сегашно просто и минало просто за направата на въпросително изречение ползваме външен глагол, защото в разказно изречение глаголното действие е изразено само с един глагол, който е смислов.

Present simple with 'be': am I / are you / is he

Past simple with 'be': were you / was she

Ето какво представлява нагледно инверсията в примери:

Present continuous: am I going / are you going
Past continuous: was he going / were they going
Present perfect: have we gone / has she gone
Present perfect continuous: has she been going / have they been going
Past perfect: had you gone
Past perfect continuous: had he been going
Future simple: will they go
Future continuous: will you be going
Future perfect: will they have gone
Future perfect continuous: will she have been going
Modal verbs: should I go / would you go
Present simple with any verb except 'be' (add 'do' or 'does'): do you go / does he go
Past simple with any verb except 'be' (add 'did'): did we go / did they go

Основното приложение на инверсията е да направим въпросително изречение. В кои случаи използваме отрицателни наречия в началото на изречението?

Отрицателното изречение в началото на изречението подсилва значението, както на самото изречение, така и на цялото изречение.

Seldom have I seen such beautiful work.
('Seldom' is at the beginning, so we use inversion. This sentence emphasizes what beautiful work it is.)

I have seldom seen such beautiful work.
('Seldom' is in the normal place, so we don't use inversion. This is a normal sentence with no special emphasis.)

Ето и някои от най-често използваните отрицателни наречия чрез инверсия:

Hardly	Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.
Never	Never had she seen such a beautiful sight before.
Seldom	Seldom do we see such an amazing display of dance.
Rarely	Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.
Only then	Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.
Not only ... but	Not only does he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.
No sooner	No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.
Scarcely	Scarcely had I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.
Only later	Only later did she really think about the situation.
Nowhere	Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.
Little	Little did he know!
Only in this way	Only in this way could John earn enough money to survive.
In no way	In no way do I agree with what you're saying.
On no account	On no account should you do anything without asking me first.

In the following expressions, the inversion comes in the second part of the sentence:

Not until	Not until I saw John with my own eyes did I really believe he was safe.
Not since	Not since Lucy left college had she had such a wonderful time.
Only after	Only after I'd seen her flat did I understand why she wanted to live there.
Only when	Only when we'd all arrived home did I feel calm.
Only by	Only by working extremely hard could we afford to eat.

We only use inversion when the adverb modifies the whole phrase and not when it modifies the noun: Hardly anyone passed the exam. (No inversion.)

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Разновидност на инверсията посредством отрицателно наречие

We can use inversion instead of 'if' in conditionals with 'had' 'were' and 'should'. This is quite formal:

Normal conditional: If I had been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.
Conditional with inversion: Had I been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.
Normal conditional: If we had arrived sooner, we could have prevented this tragedy!
Conditional with inversion: Had we arrived sooner, we could have prevented this tragedy!

We can use inversion if we put an adverbial expression of place at the beginning on the sentence. This is also quite formal or literary:

On the table was all the money we had lost. (Normal sentence: All the money we had lost was on the table.)
Round the corner came the knights. (Normal sentence: The knights came round the corner.)

We can use inversion after 'so + adjective...that':

So beautiful was the girl that nobody could talk of anything else. (Normal sentence: the girl was so beautiful that nobody could talk of anything else.)
So delicious was the food that we ate every last bite. (Normal sentence: the food was so delicious that we ate every last bite.)